Flow
Flow
Flow
TriniTuner.com  |  Latest Event:  

Forums

What's going on in the Middle East?

this is how we do it.......

Moderator: 3ne2nr Mods

User avatar
Dizzy28
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 18953
Joined: February 8th, 2010, 8:54 am
Location: People's Republic of Bananas

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Dizzy28 » May 15th, 2024, 10:44 am

Duane 3NE 2NR wrote:
adnj wrote:Image

Nearly half - so the majority were civilians


Given the global average of civilian to combatant deaths in wars this is exceptional and Israeli tactics would probably be studied by militaries around the globe on mitigating civilian deaths.

alfa
punchin NOS
Posts: 3618
Joined: January 19th, 2015, 4:15 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby alfa » May 15th, 2024, 10:51 am

Dizzy28 wrote:
Duane 3NE 2NR wrote:
adnj wrote:Image

Nearly half - so the majority were civilians


Given the global average of civilian to combatant deaths in wars this is exceptional and Israeli tactics would probably be studied by militaries around the globe on mitigating civilian deaths.

They're also to teach about mass graves with bodies whose hands were zip tied I hope

User avatar
Dizzy28
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 18953
Joined: February 8th, 2010, 8:54 am
Location: People's Republic of Bananas

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Dizzy28 » May 15th, 2024, 11:11 am

alfa wrote:
Dizzy28 wrote:
Duane 3NE 2NR wrote:
adnj wrote:Image

Nearly half - so the majority were civilians


Given the global average of civilian to combatant deaths in wars this is exceptional and Israeli tactics would probably be studied by militaries around the globe on mitigating civilian deaths.

They're also to teach about mass graves with bodies whose hands were zip tied I hope


Mass graves found in a state at war and with a religion that demands strict adherence to rapid burial? Using Hamas's own numbers they have to bury tens of thousand of people quickly.

In over a month since Hamas first released the zip tied hands story has anyone substantiated it further?
CNN's own story when this broke was that it was unverified and that hasn't changed. OFC if AJ is your source of news 1m bodies of women and children were found zip tied and missing organs.

Capture.JPG

User avatar
ed360123
Chronic TriniTuner
Posts: 696
Joined: October 13th, 2018, 1:03 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby ed360123 » May 15th, 2024, 11:19 am

Dizzy28 wrote:
Duane 3NE 2NR wrote:
adnj wrote:Image

Nearly half - so the majority were civilians


Given the global average of civilian to combatant deaths in wars this is exceptional and Israeli tactics would probably be studied by militaries around the globe on mitigating civilian deaths.
Ah yes we should study tactics like telling civilians to move to 'safe zones' and then bombing them when they reach there.

alfa
punchin NOS
Posts: 3618
Joined: January 19th, 2015, 4:15 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby alfa » May 15th, 2024, 11:26 am

Mass graves in Gaza show victims’ hands were tied, says UN rights office

Disturbing reports continue to emerge about mass graves in Gaza in which Palestinian victims were reportedly found stripped naked with their hands tied, prompting renewed concerns about possible war crimes amid ongoing Israeli airstrikes, the UN human rights office, OHCHR, said on Tuesday.

https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148876
I guess the UN is propaganda news to

User avatar
Dizzy28
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 18953
Joined: February 8th, 2010, 8:54 am
Location: People's Republic of Bananas

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Dizzy28 » May 15th, 2024, 11:27 am

ed360123 wrote:
Dizzy28 wrote:
Duane 3NE 2NR wrote:
adnj wrote:Image

Nearly half - so the majority were civilians


Given the global average of civilian to combatant deaths in wars this is exceptional and Israeli tactics would probably be studied by militaries around the globe on mitigating civilian deaths.
Ah yes we should study tactics like telling civilians to move to 'safe zones' and then bombing them when they reach there.


Maybe Hamas shouldn't move with and in the civilians

User avatar
Dizzy28
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 18953
Joined: February 8th, 2010, 8:54 am
Location: People's Republic of Bananas

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Dizzy28 » May 15th, 2024, 11:28 am

alfa wrote:https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148876
I guess the UN is propaganda news to


That is the original story from end April
What is the update

And yes if Francesca Albanese is your main agent on the ground there, chances are high the UN is parroting propaganda.

matr1x
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 8256
Joined: February 25th, 2017, 7:46 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby matr1x » May 15th, 2024, 12:04 pm

Apparently there is peace in the middle east.

alfa
punchin NOS
Posts: 3618
Joined: January 19th, 2015, 4:15 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby alfa » May 15th, 2024, 12:13 pm

Dizzy28 wrote:
alfa wrote:https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148876
I guess the UN is propaganda news to


That is the original story from end April
What is the update

And yes if Francesca Albanese is your main agent on the ground there, chances are high the UN is parroting propaganda.

I'm not sure what update you're looking for. Israel bombed the food kitchen car, admitted it to cuz this was one they couldn't simply deny. They did an 'investigation' and moved on. There's no update to that, something that they admitted to doing so what kind of update are your expecting from something they could easily deny and blame Hamas for

adnj
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 10415
Joined: February 24th, 2014, 2:55 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby adnj » May 15th, 2024, 12:42 pm

UK aid has left Cyprus and will be part of the first delivery to the temporary pier on the Gaza coast.

Nearly 100 tonnes of UK aid comprising 8,400 shelter coverage kits - temporary shelters made up of plastic sheeting - are the first part of a £2 million package of UK aid to be delivered from Cyprus. The aid will be distributed within Gaza as soon as feasible.

The pier, which has been built by the US Navy and Army, will initially facilitate the delivery of an estimated 90 truckloads of international aid into Gaza each day, and scale to up to 150 truckloads a day once fully operational.


https://www.miragenews.com/uk-aid-heads ... r-1235737/

User avatar
Duane 3NE 2NR
Admin
Posts: 28772
Joined: March 24th, 2003, 10:27 am
Location: T&T
Contact:

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Duane 3NE 2NR » May 15th, 2024, 12:56 pm

alfa wrote:
Dizzy28 wrote:
alfa wrote:https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148876
I guess the UN is propaganda news to


That is the original story from end April
What is the update

And yes if Francesca Albanese is your main agent on the ground there, chances are high the UN is parroting propaganda.

I'm not sure what update you're looking for. Israel bombed the food kitchen car, admitted it to cuz this was one they couldn't simply deny. They did an 'investigation' and moved on. There's no update to that, something that they admitted to doing so what kind of update are your expecting from something they could easily deny and blame Hamas for

I think I missed the outcome of the Israeli investigation on Hind Rajab

User avatar
Dizzy28
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 18953
Joined: February 8th, 2010, 8:54 am
Location: People's Republic of Bananas

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Dizzy28 » May 15th, 2024, 1:18 pm

alfa wrote:
Dizzy28 wrote:
alfa wrote:https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148876
I guess the UN is propaganda news to


That is the original story from end April
What is the update

And yes if Francesca Albanese is your main agent on the ground there, chances are high the UN is parroting propaganda.

I'm not sure what update you're looking for. Israel bombed the food kitchen car, admitted it to cuz this was one they couldn't simply deny. They did an 'investigation' and moved on. There's no update to that, something that they admitted to doing so what kind of update are your expecting from something they could easily deny and blame Hamas for


So basically we will take the Hamas word as gospel?
In this case the Israelis denied they did that.
There are many photos from Jan 2024 showing Palesitnians burying many bodies in the places they claimed the Israeli mass graves were found.

User avatar
Dizzy28
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 18953
Joined: February 8th, 2010, 8:54 am
Location: People's Republic of Bananas

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Dizzy28 » May 15th, 2024, 1:21 pm

Duane 3NE 2NR wrote:
alfa wrote:
Dizzy28 wrote:
alfa wrote:https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/04/1148876
I guess the UN is propaganda news to


That is the original story from end April
What is the update

And yes if Francesca Albanese is your main agent on the ground there, chances are high the UN is parroting propaganda.

I'm not sure what update you're looking for. Israel bombed the food kitchen car, admitted it to cuz this was one they couldn't simply deny. They did an 'investigation' and moved on. There's no update to that, something that they admitted to doing so what kind of update are your expecting from something they could easily deny and blame Hamas for

I think I missed the outcome of the Israeli investigation on Hind Rajab


Its in the same file with the Hamas rapes that didn't happen on Oct 7

matr1x
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 8256
Joined: February 25th, 2017, 7:46 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby matr1x » May 15th, 2024, 2:01 pm

So, UK is feeding terrorists. Right.

You hadda be a special kinda dummy to think the food actually going to civilians. It's going to hamas to feed their killers.
Israel should have a bonus system for every aid crate a soldier takes out.

Stoick
Ricer
Posts: 28
Joined: March 23rd, 2017, 11:29 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Stoick » May 15th, 2024, 2:37 pm

After all the lies Israel has been called out for, and all the investigations shoved under the carpet, you have to be a special kinda dummy to believe anything Israel says.

User avatar
Dizzy28
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 18953
Joined: February 8th, 2010, 8:54 am
Location: People's Republic of Bananas

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Dizzy28 » May 15th, 2024, 2:58 pm

Stoick wrote:After all the lies Israel has been called out for, and all the investigations shoved under the carpet, you have to be a special kinda dummy to believe anything Israel says.


Yes how dare we believe Israel and disbelieve Hamas. Its not as if events like this ever happened -

Hamas - Al Ahli hospital bombed, hundreds killed from an Israeli strike
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/ ... a-hospital

IRL
PIJ errant rocket hit hospital carpark. Building intact. Cars within tens of feet of blast barely scratched
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/26/gaz ... -explosion

User avatar
sMASH
TunerGod
Posts: 25636
Joined: January 11th, 2005, 4:30 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby sMASH » May 15th, 2024, 3:01 pm

Dizzy28 wrote:
Duane 3NE 2NR wrote:
adnj wrote:Image

Nearly half - so the majority were civilians


Given the global average of civilian to combatant deaths in wars this is exceptional and Israeli tactics would probably be studied by militaries around the globe on mitigating civilian deaths.
It will have to pass through ICC and icj first.

User avatar
sMASH
TunerGod
Posts: 25636
Joined: January 11th, 2005, 4:30 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby sMASH » May 15th, 2024, 3:06 pm

Dizzy28 wrote:
ed360123 wrote:
Dizzy28 wrote:
Duane 3NE 2NR wrote:
adnj wrote:Image

Nearly half - so the majority were civilians


Given the global average of civilian to combatant deaths in wars this is exceptional and Israeli tactics would probably be studied by militaries around the globe on mitigating civilian deaths.
Ah yes we should study tactics like telling civilians to move to 'safe zones' and then bombing them when they reach there.


Maybe Hamas shouldn't move with and in the civilians
Should they have put their bases in territorial Israel?

Where Should the French resistencia had put thier operations when fighting the German occupiers?


Still hadda show that hamas killing the civilians. Hamas keeping the Isreali civilians alive, despite Israel attempts to eliminate them via bombing.




I guess we can expect to see the extraction of the hostages finally.... But cause they weren't in al shifa hospital as advertised

User avatar
sMASH
TunerGod
Posts: 25636
Joined: January 11th, 2005, 4:30 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby sMASH » May 15th, 2024, 3:08 pm

adnj wrote:UK aid has left Cyprus and will be part of the first delivery to the temporary pier on the Gaza coast.

Nearly 100 tonnes of UK aid comprising 8,400 shelter coverage kits - temporary shelters made up of plastic sheeting - are the first part of a £2 million package of UK aid to be delivered from Cyprus. The aid will be distributed within Gaza as soon as feasible.

The pier, which has been built by the US Navy and Army, will initially facilitate the delivery of an estimated 90 truckloads of international aid into Gaza each day, and scale to up to 150 truckloads a day once fully operational.


https://www.miragenews.com/uk-aid-heads ... r-1235737/
The problem is, if zionists will be allowed to destroy those as well...
The most moral democracy in the middle east

User avatar
sMASH
TunerGod
Posts: 25636
Joined: January 11th, 2005, 4:30 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby sMASH » May 15th, 2024, 3:14 pm

Israeli bloggers guidelines:
Keep referencing the same disproven evidence, so the discussion keep circling on the nonsense lies.



At the end of the day, terrorists occupy an office building, the authorities not suppsed blow up every one in it, claiming it's the only way to get the terrorists.

If u keep on attacking and killing the civilians, then ur no different to the terrorists u claim to fight
... Except the terrorists killed less civilians.

adnj
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 10415
Joined: February 24th, 2014, 2:55 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby adnj » May 15th, 2024, 7:53 pm

sMASH wrote:Israeli bloggers guidelines:
Keep referencing the same disproven evidence, so the discussion keep circling on the nonsense lies.

At the end of the day, terrorists occupy an office building, the authorities not suppsed blow up every one in it, claiming it's the only way to get the terrorists.

If u keep on attacking and killing the civilians, then ur no different to the terrorists u claim to fight
... Except the terrorists killed less civilians.


The rules changed.

Analysis
Israel’s rules of engagement seem looser than ever – if they are followed at all


In previous conflicts, the IDF is believed to have broadly applied three levels of operational mode – from most restrictive to most permissive – which specify an acceptable level of damage to structures, and a permissible ratio of civilian casualties, in relation to the value of the target.

In the current war, observers suggest, rules that were already permissive in previous conflicts in Gaza have been loosened further still, as evidenced by the number of civilian casualties in high-profile strikes.

In one highly controversial incident in particular – an Israeli airstrike on Jabalia refugee camp last October, which the IDF said had targeted a Hamas battalion commander – the monitoring group Airwars identified well over 100 civilians killed in the attack.

Estimates of the proportion of women and children killed in the current conflict in comparison with previous Gaza wars tell their own story. In previous outbreaks of fighting, women and children have made up roughly a third of fatalities. In this conflict, the proportion appears to be between 60% and 70% – suggesting a far higher civilian-combatant ratio, even allowing for overreporting by the Hamas-controlled ministry of health.

“From our understanding, looking at the IDF’s behaviour and targeting, it makes it clear that the tolerance for civilian [casualties] is systematically far worse than in past wars,” said Yehuda Shaul, co-founder of the thinktank Ofek, who has researched Israeli military’s targeting policies.

The sheer number of strikes – sometimes in the hundreds – that have occurred on some days during the six-month war also raises questions of how detailed the intelligence behind them can be, not least given persistent concerns over the Israeli use of AI to identify targets.

What that tolerance means in practical terms was described in an investigation by the Israeli newspaper Haaretz over the weekend, which described Gaza as a network of lethal free-fire zones – whose boundaries are invisible to Palestinians – where those killed, civilian or otherwise, are defined by default as being “terrorists”.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/ ... wed-at-all

User avatar
sMASH
TunerGod
Posts: 25636
Joined: January 11th, 2005, 4:30 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby sMASH » May 15th, 2024, 8:03 pm

adnj wrote:
sMASH wrote:Israeli bloggers guidelines:
Keep referencing the same disproven evidence, so the discussion keep circling on the nonsense lies.

At the end of the day, terrorists occupy an office building, the authorities not suppsed blow up every one in it, claiming it's the only way to get the terrorists.

If u keep on attacking and killing the civilians, then ur no different to the terrorists u claim to fight
... Except the terrorists killed less civilians.


The rules changed.

Analysis
Israel’s rules of engagement seem looser than ever – if they are followed at all


In previous conflicts, the IDF is believed to have broadly applied three levels of operational mode – from most restrictive to most permissive – which specify an acceptable level of damage to structures, and a permissible ratio of civilian casualties, in relation to the value of the target.

In the current war, observers suggest, rules that were already permissive in previous conflicts in Gaza have been loosened further still, as evidenced by the number of civilian casualties in high-profile strikes.

In one highly controversial incident in particular – an Israeli airstrike on Jabalia refugee camp last October, which the IDF said had targeted a Hamas battalion commander – the monitoring group Airwars identified well over 100 civilians killed in the attack.

Estimates of the proportion of women and children killed in the current conflict in comparison with previous Gaza wars tell their own story. In previous outbreaks of fighting, women and children have made up roughly a third of fatalities. In this conflict, the proportion appears to be between 60% and 70% – suggesting a far higher civilian-combatant ratio, even allowing for overreporting by the Hamas-controlled ministry of health.

“From our understanding, looking at the IDF’s behaviour and targeting, it makes it clear that the tolerance for civilian [casualties] is systematically far worse than in past wars,” said Yehuda Shaul, co-founder of the thinktank Ofek, who has researched Israeli military’s targeting policies.

The sheer number of strikes – sometimes in the hundreds – that have occurred on some days during the six-month war also raises questions of how detailed the intelligence behind them can be, not least given persistent concerns over the Israeli use of AI to identify targets.

What that tolerance means in practical terms was described in an investigation by the Israeli newspaper Haaretz over the weekend, which described Gaza as a network of lethal free-fire zones – whose boundaries are invisible to Palestinians – where those killed, civilian or otherwise, are defined by default as being “terrorists”.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/ ... wed-at-all
The rules of engagement is: we want the land sans the Palestinians. Awllllllll

adnj
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 10415
Joined: February 24th, 2014, 2:55 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby adnj » May 15th, 2024, 8:13 pm

sMASH wrote:The rules of engagement is: we want the land sans the Palestinians. Awllllllll


Then it seems to be working as planned.

alfa
punchin NOS
Posts: 3618
Joined: January 19th, 2015, 4:15 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby alfa » May 15th, 2024, 9:06 pm

So it seems to be basically what the world has been saying for the past seven months, what eye witneses on the ground like Bisan and Motaz have been saying. However people who support this are hiding behind semantics and legal jargon arguing that it is not a genocide. It may not be according to shifting goalpost definations but guess what a crap load of innocent people have been killed wholesale and indiscriminately at the expense of minimal military objectives having been met. And people still believes it was about hostages

User avatar
sMASH
TunerGod
Posts: 25636
Joined: January 11th, 2005, 4:30 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby sMASH » May 15th, 2024, 9:44 pm

Yemen has declared that if Israel increases action on raffa, it will begin targeting ships and companies supplying Israel in the Mediterranean side as well.


Quick, activate prosperity guardian!

And macron went to China and signed some trade deals of ev batteries and seimens.

So fraunce might sack out of prosperity guardian this rounds

adnj
TriniTuner 24-7
Posts: 10415
Joined: February 24th, 2014, 2:55 pm

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby adnj » May 15th, 2024, 9:51 pm

alfa wrote:So it seems to be basically what the world has been saying for the past seven months, what eye witneses on the ground like Bisan and Motaz have been saying. However people who support this are hiding behind semantics and legal jargon arguing that it is not a genocide. It may not be according to shifting goalpost definations but guess what a crap load of innocent people have been killed wholesale and indiscriminately at the expense of minimal military objectives having been met. And people still believes it was about hostages

It's difficult to make the argument that moving acceptable collateral thresholds from 35% to 50%, or even 70%, is genocidal. And you haven't successfully made the argument here, either.

What I find interesting is to ask the question, "Had there been no hostages taken, would the assault on Gaza been so severe?"

One has to wonder if there will be a Gaza population willing to be subjected to this level of killings and community destruction at some time in the foreseeable future. Because, if the answer is no, the Israeli objective may simply be decimation as a form of punishment and deterrence.

User avatar
Duane 3NE 2NR
Admin
Posts: 28772
Joined: March 24th, 2003, 10:27 am
Location: T&T
Contact:

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Duane 3NE 2NR » May 15th, 2024, 10:28 pm

adnj wrote:What I find interesting is to ask the question, "Had there been no hostages taken, would the assault on Gaza been so severe?"

Who knows but any excuse is an excuse

User avatar
Duane 3NE 2NR
Admin
Posts: 28772
Joined: March 24th, 2003, 10:27 am
Location: T&T
Contact:

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby Duane 3NE 2NR » May 15th, 2024, 10:43 pm

As of November 1, Israeli authorities held nearly 7,000 Palestinians from the occupied territory in detention for alleged security offenses, according to the Israeli human rights organization HaMoked. Far more Palestinians have been arrested since the October 7 attacks in Israel than have been released in the last week. Among those being held are dozens of women and scores of children.

The majority have never been convicted of a crime, including more than 2,000 of them being held in administrative detention, in which the Israeli military detains a person without charge or trial. Such detention can be renewed indefinitely based on secret information, which the detainee is not allowed to see. Administrative detainees are held on the presumption that they might commit an offense at some point in the future. Israeli authorities have held children, human rights defenders and Palestinian political activists, among others, in administrative detention, often for prolonged periods.

The large number of Palestinian detainees is primarily the result of separate criminal justice systems Israeli authorities maintain in the occupied territory. The nearly 3 million Palestinians who live in the occupied West Bank, excluding East Jerusalem, are ruled by military law and prosecuted in military courts. By contrast, the nearly half a million Israeli settlers in the West Bank are governed under civil and criminal law and tried in Israeli civil courts. Discrimination pervades every aspect of this system.

Palestinians can be jailed for participating in a gathering of merely 10 people without a permit on any issue “that could be construed as political,” while settlers can demonstrate without a permit unless the gathering exceeds 50 people, takes place outdoors and involves “political speeches and statements.”

In short, Israeli settlers and Palestinians live in the same territory, but are tried in different courts under different laws with different due process rights and face different sentences for the same offense. The result is a large and growing number of Palestinians imprisoned without basic due process.

https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/29/why ... lable-swap

https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/12167159 ... -its-priso

User avatar
sMASH
TunerGod
Posts: 25636
Joined: January 11th, 2005, 4:30 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby sMASH » May 15th, 2024, 10:45 pm

adnj wrote:
alfa wrote:So it seems to be basically what the world has been saying for the past seven months, what eye witneses on the ground like Bisan and Motaz have been saying. However people who support this are hiding behind semantics and legal jargon arguing that it is not a genocide. It may not be according to shifting goalpost definations but guess what a crap load of innocent people have been killed wholesale and indiscriminately at the expense of minimal military objectives having been met. And people still believes it was about hostages

It's difficult to make the argument that moving acceptable collateral thresholds from 35% to 50%, or even 70%, is genocidal. And you haven't successfully made the argument here, either.

What I find interesting is to ask the question, "Had there been no hostages taken, would the assault on Gaza been so severe?"

One has to wonder if there will be a Gaza population willing to be subjected to this level of killings and community destruction at some time in the foreseeable future. Because, if the answer is no, the Israeli objective may simply be decimation as a form of punishment and deterrence.
Just look to west bank and u will see a Palestinian population that lives without hamas. Only Israel.

User avatar
sMASH
TunerGod
Posts: 25636
Joined: January 11th, 2005, 4:30 am

Re: What's going on in the Middle East?

Postby sMASH » May 15th, 2024, 10:53 pm

https://youtu.be/x5Sz1QxOsZY?si=I5eCQ2LcP_aEXGWg




Armenian Christians in Israel can tell what life is living under Israel.

Advertisement

Return to “Ole talk and more Ole talk”

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 59 guests